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Georges Albert Édouard Brutus Gilles de la Tourette (30 October 1857 – 26 May 1904) was a French physician and the eponym of Tourette syndrome, a neurological condition.〔Enersen, Ole Daniel and a reputed magnetizer. (Georges Albert Édouard Brutus Gilles de la Tourette. ) WhoNamedIt.com Retrieved on 14 May 2007.〕 He was born in "the small town of Saint-Gervais-les-Trois-Clochers, in the district of Châtellerault near the city of Loudun, France", and died in Lausanne, Switzerland. He could be retrospectively classified as a neurologist, but the field did not exist in his time. During 1873 Tourette began medical studies at Poitiers. He later relocated to Paris where he became a student, amanuensis and house physician of his mentor, the influential contemporary neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot, director of the Salpêtrière Hospital. Charcot also helped him to advance in his academic career. Tourette studied and lectured in psychotherapy, hysteria and medical and legal ramifications of mesmerism (modern-day hypnosis).〔 Tourette described the symptoms of Tourette syndrome in nine patients in 1884, using the name "maladie des tics". Charcot renamed the syndrome "Gilles de la Tourette's illness" in his honor.〔 In 1893, a former female patient shot Tourette in the head, claiming he had hypnotized her against her will. Both Tourette and many modern hypnologists state that this is impossible. His mentor, Charcot, had died recently, and his young son had also died recently. After these events, Tourette began to experience mood swings between depression and hypomania. Nevertheless, he organized public lectures in which he spoke about literacy, mesmerism and theatre.〔 Tourette published an article on hysteria in the German Army, which angered Bismarck, and a further article about unhygienic conditions in the floating hospitals on the river Thames. With Gabriel Legué he analyzed abbess Jeanne des Anges' account of her hysteria that was allegedly based on her unrequited love for a priest Urbain Grandier, who was later burned for witchcraft.〔 Around 1902, Tourette's condition worsened and he was dismissed from his post. Gilles de la Tourette died on 26 May 1904 in a psychiatric hospital in Lausanne, Switzerland.〔 ==Writings== * ''L'hypnotisme et les états analogues au point de vue médico-légal'' (Paris, 1887; 2nd. edition Paris 1889) * ''Traité clinique et thérapeutique de l’hystérie d’après l’enseignement de la Salpêtrière'' (Paris 1891) * ''Les actualités médicales, les états neurasthéniques'' (Paris 1898) * ''Leçons de clinique thérapeutique sur les maladies du système nerveux'' (Paris 1898) * ''Les actualités médicales. Formes cliniques et traitement des myélites syphilitiques' convulsifs'' (''La semaine médicale'' 1899) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Georges Gilles de la Tourette」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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